Adit

A horizontal passage from the surface into the mine providing access to a mineral deposit.

Ag

Silver.

Assay

A chemical test performed on a sample of ores or minerals to determine the amount of valuable metals contained.

Au

Gold.

Backfill

Waste material used to fill the void created by mining an orebody.

Ball mill

A steel cylinder filled with steel balls into which crushed ore is fed. The ball mill is rotated, causing the balls to cascade and grind the ore.

Base metal

Any non-precious metal (eg. copper, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.).

Blasthole

A drill hole in a mine that is filled with explosives in order to blast loose a quantity of rock.

Block caving

An inexpensive method of mining in which large blocks of ore are undercut, causing the ore to break or cave under its own weight.

Bulk mining

Any large-scale, mechanized method of mining involving many thousands of tonnes of ore being brought to surface per day.

Bulk sample

A large sample of mineralized rock, frequently hundreds of tonnes, selected in such a manner as to be representative of the potential orebody being sampled. Used to determine metallurgical characteristics.

Bullion

Metal formed into bars or ingots.

Byproduct

A secondary metal or mineral product recovered in the milling process.

Calcine

Name given to concentrate that is ready for smelting (i.e. the sulphur has been driven off by oxidation).

Chalcopyrite

A sample composed of pieces of vein or mineral deposit that have been cut out of a small trench or channel, usually about 10 cm wide and 2 cm deep.

Channel sample

Any non-precious metal (eg. copper, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.).

Chip sample

A method of sampling a rock exposure whereby a regular series of small chips of rock is broken off along a line across the face.

Chute

An opening, usually constructed of timber and equipped with a gate, through which ore is drawn from a stope into mine cars.

CIM Standards

The CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted by CIM Council from time to time.

CIM

The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.

Company

ECU Silver mining Inc., including, unless the context otherwise requires, the Company's subsidiaries.

Concentrate

A fine, powdery product of the milling process containing a high percentage of valuable metal.

Core

The long cylindrical piece of rock, about an inch in diameter, brought to surface by diamond drilling.

Core sample

One or several pieces of whole or split parts of core selected as a sample for analysis or assay.

Crosscut

A horizontal opening driven from a shaft and (or near) right angles to the strike of a vein or other orebody.

Cu

Copper.

Custom smelter

A smelter which processes concentrates from independent mines. Concentrates may be purchased or the smelter may be contracted to do the processing for the independent company.

Cut-off grade

The lowest grade of mineralized rock that qualifies as ore grade in a given deposit, and is also used as the lowest grade below which the mineralized rock currently cannot be profitably exploited. Cut-off grades vary between deposits depending upon the amenability of ore to gold extraction and upon costs of production.

Cyanidation

A method of extracting exposed gold or silver grains from crushed or ground ore by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution. May be carried out in tanks inside a mill or in heaps of ore out of doors.

Cyanide

A chemical species containing carbon and nitrogen used to dissolve gold and silver from ore.

Dacite

The extrusive (volcanic) equivalent of quartz diorite.

Decline

A sloping underground opening for machine access from level to level or from surface; also called a ramp.

Development

Underground work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit. Includes shaft sinking, crosscutting, drifting and raising.

Development Drilling

Drilling to establish accurate estimates of mineral reserves.

Dilution

Rock that is, by necessity, removed along with the ore in the mining process, subsequently lowering the grade of the ore.

Diorite

An intrusive igneous rock composed chiefly of sodic plagioclase, hornblende, biotite or pyroxene.

Dip

The angle at which a vein, structure or rock bed is inclined from the horizontal as measured at right angles to the strike.

Drift

The angle at which a vein, structure or rock bed is inclined from the horizontal as measured at right angles to the strike.

ECU

The Company.

Ejido

A local community of people who own the surface rights to an area of land.

Epithermal

Hydrothermal mineral deposit formed within one kilometer of the earth’s surface, in the temperature range of 50–200°C.

Epithermal deposit

A mineral deposit consisting of veins and replacement bodies, usually in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, containing precious metals or, more rarely, base metals.

Exploration

Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in searching for ore.

Face

The end of a drift, crosscut or stope in which work is taking place.

Fault

A break in the Earth's crust caused by tectonic forces which have moved the rock on one side with respect to the other.

Flotation

A milling process in which valuable mineral particles are induced to become attached to bubbles and float as others sink.

Fold

Any bending or wrinkling of rock strata.

Footwall

The rock on the underside of a vein or ore structure.

Fracture

A break in the rock, the opening of which allows mineral-bearing solutions to enter. A "cross-fracture" is a minor break extending at more-or-less right angles to the direction of the principal fractures.

g/t

Grams per metric tonne.

Galena

Lead sulphide, the most common ore mineral of lead.

gpt

Grams per tonne.

Grade

Term used to indicate the concentration of an economically desirable mineral or element in its host rock as a function of its relative mass. With gold, this term may be expressed as grams per tonne (g/t) or ounces per tonne (opt).

Gram

0.0321507 troy ounces.

Hangingwall

The rock on the upper side of a vein or ore deposit.

High grade

Rich ore. As a verb, it refers to selective mining of the best ore in a deposit.

Host rock

The rock surrounding an ore deposit.

Hydrothermal

Processes associated with heated or superheated water, especially mineralization or alteration.

Indicated Mineral Resource

An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.

Inferred Mineral Resource

An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.

Intrusive

A body of igneous rock formed by the consolidation of magma intruded into other.

km

Kilometre(s). Equal to 0.62 miles.

m

Metre(s). Equal to 3.28 feet.

Marble

A metamorphic rock derived from the recrystallization of limestone under intense heat and pressure.

Measured Mineral Resource

A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity.

Metallurgy

The science and art of separating metals and metallic minerals from their ores by mechanical and chemical processes.

Metamorphic

Affected by physical, chemical, and structural processes imposed by depth in the earth’s crust.

Mill

A plant in which ore is treated and metals are recovered or prepared for smelting; also a revolving drum used for the grinding of ores in preparation for treatment.

Mine

An excavation beneath the surface of the ground from which mineral matter of value is extracted.

Mineral

A naturally occurring homogeneous substance having definite physical properties and chemical composition and, if formed under favorable conditions, a definite crystal form.

Mineral Claim

That portion of public mineral lands which a party has staked or marked out in accordance with federal or state mining laws to acquire the right to explore for and exploit the minerals under the surface.

Mineralization

The process or processes by which mineral or minerals are introduced into a rock, resulting in a valuable or potentially valuable deposit.

Mineral Resource

A concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the earth's crust in such form and quantity and of such grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. The term mineral resource covers mineralization and natural material of intrinsic economic interest which has been identified and estimated through exploration and sampling and within which mineral reserves may subsequently be defined by the consideration and application of technical, economic, legal, environmental, socio-economic and governmental factors. The phrase reasonable prospects for economic extraction implies a judgment by the Qualified Person in respect of the technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction. A mineral resource is an inventory of mineralization that under realistically assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, might become economically extractable. The term mineral resource used in this AIF is a Canadian mining term as defined in accordance with NI 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects under the guidelines set out in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the CIM), Standards on Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Definitions and guidelines adopted by the CIM Council on August 20, 2000 (the CIM Standards).

Net Smelter Return

A payment made by a producer of metals based on the value of the gross metal production from the property, less deduction of certain limited costs including smelting, refining, transportation and insurance costs.

Outcrop

An exposure of rock or mineral deposit that can be seen on surface, that is, not covered by soil or water.

Oxidation

A chemical reaction caused by exposure to oxygen that results in a change in the chemical composition of a mineral.

Ounce

A measure of weight in gold and other precious metals, correctly troy ounces, which weigh 31.2 grams as distinct from an imperial ounce which weigh 28.4 grams.

oz

Ounce

Plant

A building or group of buildings in which a process or function is carried out; at a mine site it will include warehouses, hoisting equipment, compressors, maintenance shops, offices and the mill or concentrator.

Pyrite

A common, pale-bronze or brass-yellow, mineral. Pyrite has a brilliant metallic luster and has been mistaken for gold. Pyrite is the most wide-spread and abundant of the sulfide minerals and occurs in all kinds of rocks.

Qualified Person

Conforms to that definition under NI 43-101 for an individual: (a) to be an engineer or geoscientist with at least five years' experience in mineral exploration, mine development or operation or mineral project assessment, or any combination of these; (b) to have experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and the technical report; and (c) to be a member in good standing of a professional association that, among other things, is self-regulatory, has been given authority by statute, admits members based on their qualifications and experience, requires compliance with professional standards of competence and ethics and has disciplinary powers to suspend or expel a member.

Raise

A vertical hole between mine levels used to move ore or waste rock or to provide ventilation.

Ramp

An inclined underground tunnel which provides access for exploration or a connection between levels of a mine.

Reclamation

The restoration of a site after mining or exploration activity is completed.

Recovery Rate

A term used in process metallurgy to indicate the proportion of valuable material obtained in the processing of an ore. It is generally stated as a percentage of the material recovered compared to the total material present.

Refining

The final stage of metal production in which impurities are removed from the molten metal.

Refractory ore

Ore that resists the action of chemical reagents in the normal treatment processes and which may require pressure leaching or other means to effect the full recovery of the valuable minerals.

Shaft

A vertical passageway to an underground mine for moving personnel, equipment, supplies and material including ore and waste rock.

Shoot

A concentration of mineral values; that part of a vein or zone carrying values of ore grade.

Skarn

Name for the metamorphic rocks surrounding an igneous intrusive where it comes in contact with a limestone or dolostone formation.

Sphalerite

A zinc sulphide mineral; the most common ore mineral of zinc.

Stockpile

Broken ore heaped on surface, pending treatment or shipment.

Stope

An area in an underground mine where ore is mined.

Strike

The direction, or bearing from true north, of a vein or rock formation measureon a horizontal surface.

Stringer

A narrow vein or irregular filament of a mineral or minerals traversing a rock mass.

Sulphides

A group of minerals which contains sulfur and other metallic element such as copper and zinc. Gold is usually associated with sulphide enrichment in mineral deposits.

Tailings

Material rejected from a mill after most of the recoverable valuable minerals have been extracted.

Tailings pond

A low-lying depression used to confine tailings, the prime function of which is to allow enough time for heavy metals to settle out or for cyanide to be destroyed before water is discharged into the local watershed.

Tonne

A metric ton of 1,000 kilograms (2,205 pounds).

Tunnel

A horizontal underground opening, open to the atmosphere at both ends.

Vein

A fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have travelled upwards from some deep source.

Wall rocks

Rock units on either side of an orebody. The hangingwall and footwall rocks of an orebody.

Waste

Unmineralized, or sometimes mineralized, rock that is not minable at a profit.

Winze

A winze is an opening in an underground mine that is sunk downward (as opposed to a raise, which is mined upward) from inside to connect lower levels. The top of a winze is located underground, in contrast to a shaft where the top of the excavation is located on surface.

Zone

An area of distinct mineralization.